Challenging the notion that Emperor Akbar was illiterate, this article assembles evidence from Mughal chronicles, inscriptions and personal testimonies. Abul Fazl records that Akbar made pen strokes…
The question of Akbar's literacy has been widely debated. Traditional narratives, including works by V.A. Smith, Mulla Abdul Qadir Badauni, and Jahangir's autobiography, assert that Akbar was…