Philosophy of Mahavira in the context of recent problems

Sadhvi Nirvan Shree’s essay ‘Philosophy of Mahavira in the context of recent problems’ applies Mahavira’s teachings to contemporary social issues. She notes that life inevitably presents obstacles, and when hurdles are not surmounted they become ‘problems’. Modern challenges—ranging from religious and economic to academic and political—are magnified by obstinacy and competition, which divide communities and nations. Obstinacy, she argues, fosters conflict and causes individuals and groups to seek the downfall of others. Mahavira’s doctrine of Anekanta (non‑absolutism), discovered through his pursuit of truth, offers an antidote. By recognising that every object has infinite facets, Anekanta encourages openness, transparency and global friendship. A non‑dogmatic attitude rooted in honesty allows people to integrate others’ viewpoints without abandoning their own. Sadhvi stresses that scientists too build knowledge by harmonising old and new ideas and that accepting truths beyond rational proof is not foolish but logical. She quotes Mahavira’s statement that only simplicity leads to inner purity and emphasises that simplicity, virtue and purity are inseparable. Turning to materialism, the essay describes how the desire for endless luxuries (‘epitome’) creates inequality and violence—from family discord to world wars. The creation of weapons is presented not as progress but as a threat to humanity. To overcome violence and inequality, individuals must restrain desires and practise moderation, valuing past, present and future together. Economic systems have failed to bridge the gap between rich and poor; Mahavira’s principle of renunciation teaches that one should enjoy necessities without becoming dependent on possessions. Practical renunciation requires both personal discipline and societal structures that ensure fair distribution. In Mahavira’s view, only those who share what they have can attain liberation. Sadhvi concludes that Mahavira’s insights—Anekanta, simplicity, non‑attachment and equitable distribution—provide genuine solutions to contemporary crises and deserve renewed attention.

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