This article surveys references to liṅga worship in the Mahābhārata and assesses their significance for the development of Śaiva religion. The author collects passages from the Ānuśāsanaparvan,…
This is the second instalment of a study of the worship of Nārāyaṇa, the supreme deity of the Vaiṣṇava tradition. Building on the first part’s survey of early scriptural references, the author here…
This article examines the worship of Narayana, a Brahmanical and folk deity, to evaluate the theory that he was originally an independent god. The author argues that while Visnu, Narayana, and…
This article surveys the widespread cult of tree worship in India from pre-historic times to the early modern period, focusing on sacred trees such as the pipal (sacred fig), banyan (vat), and…
This essay examines an unusual portrayal of Rudra-Siva in medieval Bengali literature as a humble agricultural deity. In certain poems and songs, the great god is depicted ploughing his fields,…