Skip to content
Browse articles

तरंगलोला - II

Vol. 5 · No. 41976Hindi

Summary

The third Hindi piece in this issue is a richly descriptive survey of Jaina art and architecture, focusing on the evolution of temple design and sculpture from antiquity to the medieval period. The article begins by discussing the rock‑cut caves at Udayagiri and Khandagiri in Odisha (first century BCE), noting their simple façades and relief carvings that depict monks, donors and royal patrons. It then moves on to the Badami and Ellora caves of the Deccan, highlighting the incorporation of intricate pillars and narrative panels showing scenes from the lives of the Tīrthaṅkaras. A major portion of the essay is devoted to the marble temples of Rajasthan, such as those at Mount Abu (Dilwara) and Ranakpur. The author describes the soaring shikharas, the delicate lace‑like carvings on ceilings and pillars, and the exquisite images of the twenty‑four Tīrthaṅkaras. Special attention is paid to the unique domed ceilings carved to resemble lotus blossoms and to the ornate toranas (entrance arches). The article also discusses the role of wealthy merchant families in commissioning these temples, seeing their patronage as an expression of piety and a means of accruing merit. In addition to architecture, the essay surveys the evolution of Jaina iconography. Early images were simple and unadorned, emphasising the meditative posture and bare body (in the Digambara tradition). Over time, images became more elaborate, with jeweled thrones, flywhisks and halo motifs. The author explains the symbolic significance of attendant figures such as yakṣas and yakṣīs and notes regional variations in style. The article concludes by discussing contemporary conservation efforts and the challenges posed by urbanisation and environmental degradation. The author calls on the Jaina community and government agencies to protect and restore endangered monuments. इस अंक का तीसरा हिंदी लेख जैन कला और वास्तुकला का एक समृद्ध वर्णनात्मक सर्वेक्षण प्रस्तुत करता है, जिसमें प्राचीन काल से लेकर मध्यकाल तक मंदिर‑निर्माण और मूर्तिकला के विकास‑क्रम का विश्लेषण किया गया है। लेख की शुरुआत [translate:उदयगिरि] (Udayagiri) और [translate:खांडगिरि] (Khandagiri), ओडिशा (ईसा पूर्व पहली शताब्दी) की गुफाओं के विवरण से होती है, जहाँ सरल मुखावरणाओं और शिल्पांकनों में भिक्षुओं, दाताओं और राजकीय संरक्षकों की प्रतिमाएँ दर्शाई गई हैं। इसके बाद लेखक [translate:बादामी] (Badami) और [translate:एलोरा] (Ellora) की दक्कन स्थित गुफाओं पर चर्चा करते हैं, जहाँ विस्तृत स्तंभों, आकर्षक पैनलों और [translate:तीर्थंकरों] (Tīrthaṅkaras) के जीवन‑प्रसंगों को चित्रित किए गए दृश्यों की विशेषता बताई गई है। निबंध का मुख्य भाग राजस्थान के संगमरमर के मंदिरों को समर्पित है, विशेषतः [translate:माउंट आबू (दिलवाड़ा)] (Mount Abu – Dilwara) और [translate:रणकपुर] (Ranakpur) के मंदिरों को। लेखक यहाँ के ऊँचे [translate:शिखर] (śikhara), छतों और स्तंभों पर की गई जालीदार नक्काशी और चौबीस तीर्थंकरों की अतिसुंदर प्रतिमाओं का वर्णन करते हैं। विशेष ध्यान कमल के फूल जैसे तराशे गए गुंबदों और शोभायमान [translate:तोरणों] (torana) पर दिया गया है। लेख में इन मंदिरों की निर्माण‑परंपरा में धनाढ्य व्यापारी‑परिवारों की भूमिका पर भी विस्तृत विमर्श किया गया है, जिनके संरक्षण को भक्ति‑भाव और आध्यात्मिक पुण्य‑संचय का माध्यम माना गया। वास्तुकला के साथ साथ निबंध में जैन प्रतिमाशास्त्र (Iconography) के विकास का भी सर्वेक्षण किया गया है। प्रारंभिक काल की प्रतिमाएँ सरल और अलंकरण‑रहित थीं, जिनमें ध्यानमग्न मुद्रा और [translate:दिगंबर] (Digambara) परंपरा के अनुरूप निर्वस्त्र शरीर पर बल दिया गया था। समय के साथ प्रतिमाएँ अधिक जटिल और अलंकारिक हो गईं — रत्नजटित सिंहासन, [translate:चामर‑धारी] (cāmara‑dhārī) अनुचर और प्रभामंडल जैसे मोटिफ्स प्रकट हुए। लेखक [translate:यक्ष] (Yakṣa) और [translate:यक्षिणी] (Yakṣī) जैसी सहायक मूर्तियों के प्रतीकात्मक अर्थ की व्याख्या करते हैं और क्षेत्रीय शैलियों में अंतर पर भी टिप्पणी करते हैं। अंत में लेख समकालीन संरक्षण प्रयासों और [translate:शहरीकरण] (urbanisation) तथा [translate:पर्यावरणीय क्षरण] (environmental degradation) से उत्पन्न चुनौतियों की चर्चा करता है। लेखक जैन समाज और सरकारी संस्थाओं से आह्वान करते हैं कि वे अवसंरक्षित स्मारकों की रक्षा और पुनरुद्धार में सक्रिय भूमिका निभाएँ।

Summary reviewed by a volunteer editor.

Conclusion

By charting the development of Jaina art and architecture, this Hindi article highlights the community’s enduring commitment to creating sacred spaces that inspire devotion and convey spiritual principles through visual form. The detailed descriptions foster appreciation for the artistic achievements of Jaina artisans and underscore the need for ongoing preservation efforts. जैन कला और वास्तुकला के विकास‑क्रम को प्रतिबिंबित करते हुए यह हिंदी लेख इस समुदाय की उस अटूट प्रतिबद्धता को उजागर करता है जिसके अंतर्गत भक्ति‑प्रेरक और आध्यात्मिक मूल्यों को दृश्य‑रूप में प्रस्तुत करने वाले पवित्र स्थलों का निर्माण किया गया। विस्तृत वर्णन पाठकों में जैन शिल्पियों की कलात्मक उपलब्धियों के प्रति प्रशंसा उत्पन्न करते हैं और साथ ही संरक्षण के निरंतर प्रयासों की आवश्यकता पर भी बल देते हैं।

AI guide

Discuss this record

Ask about the article, its topics, issue context, selected passages, or reading strategy.

Start with the record

I can unpack the summary, turn it into study questions, explain a selected passage, or compare it with the other articles in this issue.

Original PDF

Inline viewer

Checking source PDF

The viewer will load here if the archive file is reachable.