BULL AND NANDI IMAGES OF GUJARAT
Summary
Bull and Nandi images of Gujarat explores how the bull, initially an epithet for Vedic deities, became identified with Siva’s mount Nandi. Literary sources describe Nandi as Siva’s gatekeeper, carrying a staff and silencing the Ganas, and note that he is sometimes portrayed as a dwarf with simian features. Puranic texts and temple manuals outline the placement of Nandi in temples and prescribe ornaments like bells, garlands and horn jewellery. Archaeological evidence, including coins and seals from the Kusana and Ksatrapa periods, reveals early representations of bulls as Siva’s vehicle. The article catalogues Nandi sculptures from Gujarat and neighbouring regions, distinguishing those paired with Saivite deities from independent bulls. Examples from Chanpur, Samalaji, Kayavarohan and Roda show variations in posture, ornamentation and style. Early depictions on coins and seals attest to royal patronage of Saivism, while later sculptures display artistic refinement, especially in southern India. By examining texts, coins and statues, the article demonstrates the enduring religious and artistic significance of the bull in Gujarat.
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Conclusion
The study shows that the bull’s transformation from a Vedic epithet to Siva’s devoted mount reflects the consolidation of Saivite theology. Nandi’s ritual placement and rich ornamentation underscore his role as gatekeeper and devotee, while the diversity of bull sculptures across Gujarat illustrates regional artistry. Persistent depictions on coins and in temples highlight the deep cultural resonance of the bull and the lasting prominence of Saivism in the region.