Reviews Of Books And Periodicals
Summary
C. R. Jain's *He Jaina Law* critically examines the decline of Jainism and its legal challenges. The text highlights the community's dwindling numbers, ritualistic practices, and internal contradictions, particularly regarding non-violence (*ahimsa*), which critics argue fosters cunning rather than moral strength. Jainism's apathy toward modern legal engagement and its contentious relationship with Hinduism—despite rejecting the label "Hindu dissenters"—is emphasized. The work traces the history of Jain legal texts, including Pandit Gopal Das Baraiya's Hindi translation of the *Bhadrabahu Samhita* and the author's own *Jaina Law* (1916), which dominated the field for over a decade. Jain critiques Sir H. S. Gour's *Hindu Code*, noting its initial errors and eventual revisions. The Jaina Mahasabha's efforts, led by Brother Champat Rai, to establish a Jaina Law Society and compile legal texts are discussed, though challenges in coordination and community disorganization are acknowledged. Jain praises Champat Rai's detailed, lawyer-like analysis of personal law (pp. 25–106) as a valuable addition to his own work, appreciating the inclusion of appendices, indices, and translations. The text underscores the need for organized efforts to preserve Jain legal traditions amid the community's fragmentation and internal conflicts.
Summary reviewed by a volunteer editor.
Conclusion
This document highlights the critical challenges faced by the Jaina community in preserving their philosophical heritage and legal traditions, despite their historical richness. The decline in Jaina population and their apathy toward organized activity have led to a dwindling understanding of Jainism, with many adherents reducing their practice to mere ritualism. The community's internal contradictions—such as their rejection of violence yet perpetuation of cunning deception—further complicate their social and legal standing. The efforts of scholars like C. R. Jain to translate and preserve Jaina law through works such as *Jaina Law* and *Vardhamana Niti* underscore the urgency of documenting and revitalizing these traditions. The document also emphasizes the importance of collaborative administrative efforts to survey and support rural industries, ensuring the preservation of economic and cultural resources. Ultimately, the text calls for renewed engagement with Jaina heritage to prevent its erosion and to foster a deeper understanding of its philosophical and legal contributions.