Motifs Representing Natural Elements in Kherua's Viṣṇu Iconography
Summary
This study examines previously unpublished Viṣṇu sculptures from Kherua village in Purba Bardhaman District, West Bengal, salvaged from the Ajay River in 2022. The research focuses on iconographic motifs representing natural elements on the back-slabs of these 11th-12th century black stone images. The analysis follows traditional iconometric norms (uttama-daśa-tāla measurements) and examines three zones (A-C) of the back-slabs, including Zone A's nimbus and kīrtimukha (solar face), Zone B's throne with leogryphs and elephants (symbolizing fire and earth), and Zone C's attendants. The study details three specific Viṣṇu images: one in Śrīdhara form with complete iconography, a partially damaged second image, and a larger temple image with elaborate ornamentation. The motifs reflect Brahmanical iconographic traditions, emphasizing natural elements like lotus, foliage, and celestial beings. The research highlights the symbolic representation of cosmic elements in the sculptures' design and their cultural significance to local communities.
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Conclusion
This study of the Viṣṇu sculptures from Kherua, West Bengal, offers significant insights into the iconographic traditions and artistic practices of medieval Bengal. The detailed analysis of the motifs adorning the back-slabs, particularly those representing natural elements like fire, water, and flora, highlights the deep connection between divine iconography and cosmic symbolism in Brahmanical art. The discovery and preservation of these sculptures, salvaged from the Ajay River, underscore the importance of local cultural heritage and the role of community in safeguarding historical artifacts. The adherence to *uttama-daśa-tāla* measurements and the intricate ornamentation reflect the sophisticated craftsmanship and theological precision of the period. These findings contribute to a broader understanding of regional iconographic variations and the enduring influence of ancient artistic canons in shaping religious art. The ongoing veneration of these images by the villagers further emphasizes the living legacy of such historical and cultural treasures.