**Socio-Economic and Religious History of Pulicat Region: From Cholas to British Rule**
By M. Sandhiya
Summary
Pulicat, a historic port city in Tamil Nadu's Ponneri district, holds significant heritage value with its wetlands and lagoons. Historically, it served as a major trading hub under the Cholas, Pallavas, Vijayanagara rulers, and later the Dutch and British. The city's prominence declined after the British takeover, leading to its current underdeveloped status. The study explores the socio-economic and religious conditions of Pulicat, highlighting its historical significance as a trade center, particularly during the Dutch era when it became the headquarters of the Dutch East Indian Company. The region's economy relies heavily on fishing, with Pulicat Lake being a key resource. However, overfishing and pollution have led to environmental and health issues. Socially, the region reflects diverse practices, including historical Sati traditions and the Purdah system among Muslims. Education remains limited, with few institutions, though some private and missionary schools are making efforts to improve access. Pulicat Day, celebrated on World Wetlands Day, promotes awareness about the lagoon's conservation. Despite its rich history and entrepreneurial potential, the region faces socio-economic challenges, including underdevelopment and environmental degradation.
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Conclusion
This study highlights Pulicat's rich historical significance as a major trading hub shaped by successive empires, from the Cholas and Vijayanagara to the Dutch and British, whose economic and political shifts led to its decline. The region's socio-economic fabric remains deeply tied to fishing, with Pulicat Lake driving livelihoods despite environmental challenges like overfishing and pollution. Religious practices, including historical Sati and Purdah systems, reflect complex cultural influences, while limited education and underdevelopment persist. Efforts like Pulicat Day and community initiatives aim to revive awareness and economic potential, yet the area remains neglected. The findings underscore the need for sustainable development, environmental conservation, and educational investments to empower local communities and preserve Pulicat's heritage.