Christianity and Jainism as Ecological Models
Summary
In “Christianity and Jainism as Ecological Models,” Arvind Sharma argues that a society’s ecological outlook is shaped by its theology. Christian thought, influenced by Greek and Hebraic traditions, often treats matter as soulless and positions humans as rulers over nature under God. This subordinative model has facilitated exploitation and environmental degradation, as seen in industrial pollution, though Christian scriptures also contain checks against excess. Jainism, by contrast, holds that all entities—including plants, earth, water and even stones—are ensouled. This coordinative model fosters extreme reverence for life and restricts occupations that harm living beings, yet it may hinder economic development. Sharma suggests that both models have shortcomings: unlimited subordination leads to pollution, while excessive reverence can impede progress. He proposes that insights from different religions can balance each other, fostering an ecotheology that respects nature while allowing sustainable human flourishing.
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Conclusion
Sharma’s comparative study underscores how theological assumptions inform environmental ethics. Christianity’s subordinative model legitimises human use of nature but risks ecological degradation if untempered, whereas Jainism’s coordinative model venerates all life yet may constrain economic development. Recognising that neither extreme is viable, Sharma calls for a synthesis: the Christian emphasis on stewardship and the Jain commitment to non‑violence should together foster a balanced approach to the environment. By learning from each tradition’s insights and shortcomings, societies can develop ecotheological models that promote both ecological sustainability and human well‑being.