The Path of Arhat: Dhyana (Meditation) in Jain Philosophy
By T. U. Mehta
Summary
The article discusses the Jaina concept of Dhyana (meditation) and its classification into four types: Artta, Raudra, Dharma, and Sukla. Artta and Raudra Dhyana are described as inauspicious, leading to worldly transmigration, while Dharma and Sukla Dhyana are auspicious, guiding toward liberation. Artta Dhyana, associated with pain, is further divided into four categories: Anista-samyoga (unfavorable circumstances), Ista-viyoga (deprivation of good circumstances), Roga-cinta (worry about physical ailments), and Nidana (anxiety over unattainable goals). The author, Justice T. U. Mehta, was a retired Chief Justice of the H.P. High Court with a deep interest in philosophy, metaphysics, and comparative religion. His understanding of Jaina philosophy was influenced by thinkers like Swami Vivekananda, Mahatma Gandhi, Shrimad Rajchandraji, and Shri Rajneeshji. His work, *The Path of Arhat: A Religious Democracy*, explores Jainism's logical and rational principles.
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Conclusion
This exploration of Jaina dhyana (meditation) categorizes mental states into four types—artta (painful), raudra (harsh), dharma (righteous), and sukla (pure)—highlighting their role in either perpetuating worldly transmigration or fostering liberation. The analysis emphasizes the mind's constant engagement, whether in auspicious or inauspicious thoughts, and underscores the Jaina focus on psychological discipline. By classifying mental conditions, the text provides a framework for understanding how dhyana influences spiritual progress or worldly entanglement. The insights offer practitioners a structured approach to self-awareness and ethical living, aligning with broader Jaina principles of non-violence and spiritual purity. This categorization serves as a practical guide for cultivating mindful engagement and striving toward liberation.