Jaina Yoga: Medieval Developments and Modern Adaptations
By Sagarmal Jain, Andrea R. Jain
Summary
The article discusses the development of Jaina Yoga during the medieval period (13th to 19th centuries), highlighting its significance in the creation of Yoga literature and the influence of other Yoga systems. It notes that while Jaina canonical works provide a foundation, post-canonical texts like Jinabhadragani’s *Dhyanasataka* (6th century) elaborate on meditation practices, detailing types, sub-classes, and their characteristics. Haribhadra further advanced Jaina Yoga through works like *Yogavimsika* and *Yogasataka*, comparing it with other traditions. The text also introduces modern adaptations of Jaina practices, such as *preksa dhyana*, which blends traditional ascetic goals with contemporary physical and psychological benefits. Andrea R. Jain’s research examines this modern yoga within the Svetambara Terapanth tradition, tracing its evolution from monastic mysticism to popular physiotherapy. The article underscores the dual role of Jaina Yoga—spiritual liberation in monastic settings and health enhancement in modern contexts—while emphasizing its historical and philosophical roots.
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Conclusion
This document highlights the historical evolution and dual nature of Jaina Yoga, emphasizing its monastic and popular applications. It underscores the medieval period's significance in shaping Jaina Yoga through the emergence of dedicated literature and cross-system influences, with Jinabhadragani's *Dhyanasataka* and Haribhadra's works serving as foundational texts. The analysis reveals how Jaina Yoga balances metaphysical, ascetic practices aimed at spiritual liberation with physiotherapeutic applications for worldly well-being. The study also bridges traditional and modern contexts, noting the Terapanth community's adaptation of *preksa dhyana* and the broader popularization of yoga in contemporary health and fitness trends. Ultimately, the document illustrates the dynamic interplay between Jaina Yoga's ancient roots and its evolving role in both spiritual and secular domains.