Fresh Light on the Problem of Ramagupta
By K. D. Bajpai
Summary
Addressing the controversial figure of Ramagupta, reputed elder brother of Chandragupta II, this article presents new numismatic evidence. Earlier literary sources describe Ramagupta as a Gupta prince who capitulated to a Saka king’s demand for his queen, leading to his death at the hands of Chandragupta. Recently a large number of copper coins inscribed with Ramagupta’s name have been discovered in eastern Malwa. Two main types are identified: a previously known "lion type" showing a lion with upraised tail, and a newly reported "garuda type" depicting the emblem of the Gupta dynasty. Variations in fabric, size and weight indicate multiple issues, and the palaeography matches early Gupta script. The legends and motifs parallel those on Malava and Naga coins, suggesting that Ramagupta’s coins were produced locally rather than by a subordinate or unrelated king. The presence of the garuda emblem implies that the issuer belonged to the Gupta house. The article argues that these coins were struck by Ramagupta himself during his rule in Malwa, confirming his historicity and suggesting that his reign was more substantial than previously thought.
Summary reviewed by a volunteer editor.
Conclusion
Newly discovered copper coins from Malwa bearing Ramagupta’s name, including a distinctive garuda‑type, support the view that he ruled independently before Chandragupta II. The coins’ legends, motifs and palaeography correspond to early Gupta and local coinages, while the absence of a royal portrait reflects their small size. This numismatic evidence substantiates the existence of Ramagupta and clarifies the early history of the Gupta dynasty.