On a Stanza of the Mudraraksasa
By S. Rangachar
Summary
The analysis of Stanza 6.113 of the *Mudraraksasa* explores conflicting interpretations of "Budha-yoga." Some scholars interpret it as the astronomical conjunction of Mercury (Budha) with the Moon (Candra), arguing that a lunar eclipse could not occur on a full moon if this conjunction were impossible. Others reject the full-moon theory, retaining the conjunction interpretation. A second scholarly group interprets "Budha-yoga" as Chanakya’s strategic efforts (sannahana, or strenuous endeavor) to aid Chandragupta, aligning with the *Balabharata*’s depiction of Budha’s diligence. This view is supported by the term’s contextual meanings, such as "expedient" or "diligence," and Amaracandra’s reference to Budha’s role in averting eclipses through assistance. However, this conflicts with Varahamihira’s assertion that planetary yogas are unrelated to eclipses. The stanza’s commentary emphasizes Budha’s alliance with four allies (Jivasiddhi, Stddharthaka, Bhagurayana, Nipunaka) to protect Chandragupta, paralleling planetary alignments. The debate centers on whether "Budha-yoga" is astronomical or metaphorical, with no consensus.
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Conclusion
This analysis of Stanza 6.113 from the Mudrarakshasa offers a novel interpretation of "budha-yoga," challenging traditional astronomical readings. By prioritizing contextual meaning over literal conjunction, it highlights the term's strategic political implications—either as Budha's intense effort to avert eclipse-related turmoil or as Chanakya's covert alliance with Candragupta to secure power. The tension between these interpretations underscores the stanza's layered significance, blending celestial symbolism with human agency. This duality enriches the drama's narrative depth, positioning the verse as a microcosm of its broader themes: the interplay of fate and strategy, the fragility of authority, and the subversive ingenuity required to navigate political crises. The analysis also illuminates the text's deliberate ambiguity, inviting readers to grapple with its multifaceted resonance.