Twenty Most‑Asked Questions about Jainism

This article by Leona Smith Kremer answers frequently asked questions about Jain beliefs and practices. It begins by explaining that Jainism is an ancient Indian religion that teaches a path toward spiritual purity and enlightenment through disciplined non‑violence (ahimsa). Jains believe in a plurality of souls (jivas) endowed with consciousness, bliss and energy; karma is conceived as subtle matter that binds to the soul and influences future rebirths. Liberation (moksha) is achieved by following the three jewels—right view, right knowledge and right conduct—and by observing the five great vows: non‑violence, truthfulness, non‑stealing, chastity and non‑possession. The article clarifies that Jainism is transtheistic; it does not posit a creator god but venerates enlightened beings (Tirthankaras) who have attained omniscience and serve as guides across samsara. A Tirthankara is a “ford‑maker” who has conquered rebirth and creates a path for others; there are 24 Tirthankaras in the present cosmic cycle, from Rishabhanatha to Mahavira. The article also addresses questions about Jain cosmology, explaining that the universe has no beginning or end and cycles through ascending and descending eras. It discusses practices such as vegetarianism and fasting, which stem from the principle of non‑violence, and explains the fourfold monastic order of monks, nuns, laymen and laywomen. The author notes that Jain temples often depict the Tirthankaras meditating in seated or standing posture and that rituals like puja are expressions of reverence rather than supplication to a god. The article concludes by distinguishing Jainism from Hinduism and Buddhism: while sharing concepts like karma and rebirth, Jainism is characterised by its rigorous non‑violence, many‑sided doctrine of truth (anekantavada) and emphasis on self‑discipline.

Summary reviewed by a volunteer editor.