Path of Mokṣa According to Kundakunda
Summary
This article explores the path to mokṣa (liberation) as explained by the great Digambara Jain philosopher Ācārya Kundakunda (dated approx. 8 B.C.E. – 44 C.E.), who followed the original teachings of Mahāvīra. Kundakunda did not propose new doctrines but emphasized Jināgama, the teachings of the Jinas, as the guide to salvation. A) Key concepts include: 1) Tri-ratna (Three Jewels): i) Samyag-darśana (Right Faith) – Understanding reality rationally and believing in the true nature of existence. ii) Samyag-jñāna (Right Knowledge) – Intellectual comprehension of tattvas (realities). iii) Samyag-cāritra (Right Conduct) – Ethical living in accordance with faith and knowledge. 2) Jain Doctrines: i) Anekāntavāda – Reality is multifaceted and can be viewed from many perspectives. ii) Syādvāda – Every statement is conditionally true, expressed through sevenfold predication. iii) Kundakunda’s works like Samayasāra, Pañcāstikāya, Niyamasāra, and Pravacanasāra elaborated the mechanism of karmic bondage and liberation through internal purity and discipline.
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Conclusion
Kundakunda defines liberation not through ritual but through deep understanding and ethical self-discipline, grounded in the Tri-ratna of Right Faith, Knowledge, and Conduct. His timeless exposition bridges scriptural authority and rational introspection, making the path to mokṣa a rigorous but universal pursuit.