Santhara (Mercy Killing)

This article examines the Jain ritual of **santhara** or **sallekhana**, a voluntary fast to death undertaken by monks, nuns and occasionally laypeople when death is imminent or worldly duties have been completed. Drawing on Jain scriptures and modern debates, the author clarifies that santhara is not suicide but a disciplined vow of renunciation. Detailed descriptions of the practice explain that it is permitted only under circumstances such as unavoidable calamity, old age with failing health or terminal illness. The practitioner publicly announces the intention to undertake santhara, seeks forgiveness from all beings, asks a spiritual teacher’s guidance and then gradually reduces food and water while meditating and reciting mantras. The fast culminates in a peaceful death with a mind free from attachment. The article emphasises that santhara requires consent from the family and community and is distinguished from impulsive self‑destruction because it is voluntary, purposeful and aimed at purifying the soul. Historical examples are cited to show that Jain texts revere santhara as an ultimate expression of detachment, yet the practice is rare and regulated. The author addresses contemporary legal challenges where courts have questioned santhara’s compatibility with laws against suicide and euthanasia. He argues that such challenges misunderstand the practice’s spiritual nature and infringe on religious freedom. By examining scriptures, ethics and jurisprudence, the article defends santhara as a personal right rooted in non‑violence and self‑discipline.

Summary reviewed by a volunteer editor.