An Outline of Tamil Works on Bhagavān Mahāvīra, the 24th Tīrthaṅkara
Summary
Prof. S. Thanyakumar surveys Tamil literature dedicated to Mahavira and other Tirthankaras. The paper opens by noting the antiquity of Jainism in Tamil country and its significant contribution to Tamil grammar, ethics, lexicons, arts and architecture. It then presents a selected list of Tamil works that sing the glory of Mahavira and other Jinas. The Jīvaka Cintāmani by Ācārya Tirutthakka Devar, a celebrated epic, narrates the adventures of Prince Jīvaka and contains extensive descriptions of Jain philosophy. Other works include the Caturviṃśati‑tīrthaṅkar andhathee, an anthology giving biographical details of the 24 Tīrthaṅkaras; the Tiru Pāmalai, which adapts the Daśa‑bhakti work into Tamil; the Jinendra Jñāna Tirupugazh, a musical composition praising Jain centres; and several hymns such as Jīva‑sambodhanai and Pāvai literary pieces. Thanyakumar explains that many Tamil works refer indirectly to Mahavira because they were composed during the Tīrtha‑santāna era when Jain monks travelled through Tamil lands. He concludes that these texts not only glorify Mahavira but also enrich Tamil literature with their poetic and philosophical depth and that further study could uncover more such works.
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Conclusion
The article provides a concise bibliography of Tamil writings on Mahavira, demonstrating the breadth of Jain influence on Tamil culture. By highlighting specific works and their contents, Thanyakumar underscores the importance of preserving and studying this literary heritage.