A note on the Hanuman type Copper Coins of Prthvideva and Jajalladeva of Mahākosala
Summary
Focusing on numismatics and historical attribution, this article discusses the kings Pṛthvīdeva and Jajalladeva of the Mahākosala region. Recent hoards have yielded gold and copper coins bearing a lion motif and Hanumān figures, prompting debates over which ruler issued them. Analysing legends, symbols and weights, the author argues that all coins of the lion type and the so‑called Hanumān type should be attributed to Pṛthvīdeva. No convincing evidence exists for gold Hanumān coins, and all known specimens are copper. The paper critiques earlier scholars who misread the coins or suggested that they were imitations of Candella currency. By carefully comparing inscriptions and studying the distribution of finds, the article reassesses the chronology of the Haihaya rulers of Mahākosala and emphasises the need to base historical conclusions on secure numismatic evidence.
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Conclusion
The author concludes that both the lion‑type and Hanumān‑type coins previously attributed to Jajalladeva are better assigned to Pṛthvīdeva. The absence of gold Hanumān coins and the consistent features of the copper issues support this view. Clarifying the attribution refines the sequence of Mahākosala rulers and illustrates how careful numismatic analysis can correct historical misconceptions. The study dismisses notions of Candella imitation and urges reliance on hoard evidence to understand regional monetary history.