Some old Bengali Books and Periodicals in the British Museum
Summary
The British Museum holds significant early Bengali periodicals, notably *Samacar-candrika* (1822–1848+), founded by Bhabfinicaran Bandyopadhyay, which opposed Raja Ram Mohan Roy’s social reforms like Sati abolition. It served as the Dharma Sabha’s voice, reflecting orthodox Hindu views. Another key publication, *Sambad-kaumudi* (1821), edited by Roy, promoted reformist ideas alongside *Samdacdr-darpan* (1818), linked to Serampore missionaries. These periodicals laid the groundwork for modern Bengali journalism. Bhabfinicaran Bandyopadhyay (1787–1848), a former employee of the Calcutta Mint and British firms, managed *Samacar-candrika* until his death, after which his sons continued it until at least 1865. He authored early social satires like *Kalikita-Kamalalay*, possibly influencing later works. The British Museum’s collection includes partial files of *Samicar-candrika* (1830–31) and *Sambad-kaumudi* (1858–59), with the latter transitioning to thrice-weekly publication by 1859 under editor Kshetra Mohan Bhattacharya after Gaurisankar Bhattacharya’s death.
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Conclusion
This document highlights the British Museum's holding of rare Bengali periodicals from the early 19th century, particularly the *Samacar-candrika*, which served as a key voice for orthodox Hindu society and the Dharma Sabha. It provides biographical insights into Bhabanicanran Bandyopadhyay, the founder and editor, detailing his career in colonial administration and journalism, and his role in shaping early Bengali literary satire. The study underscores the historical significance of these periodicals as foundational to modern Bengali journalism and social discourse, while noting the scarcity of preserved copies. The document also contextualizes the *Samacar-candrika*'s opposition to social reforms like Sati abolition, reflecting the era's ideological divides. By tracing the editorial transitions and the eventual discontinuation of the periodical, it offers a glimpse into the evolution of Bengali print media during a pivotal period of cultural and intellectual transformation.