Periods In The History Of Jainism.

**Summary of Periods in the History of Jainism** Jainism's history spans at least three thousand years, divided into five periods: Prehistoric (before 6th century BCE), Early Historic (6th century BCE to 4th century CE), Ancient Medieval (4th to 12th century CE), Medieval (12th to 16th century CE), and Modern (16th century to present). The **Prehistoric Period** extends beyond Mahavira's time, with Jainism already having a long history by the 6th century BCE. Evidence suggests advanced Jain philosophy and anti-Brahman movements, including Ahimsa, existed earlier, as seen in Vedic literature. Figures like Rama are linked to Jainism, symbolizing resistance to Brahmanical dominance. The development of Jain philosophy and monastic orders (then called Nirgrantha) marks this era. The **Early Historic Period** (6th century BCE–4th century CE) saw the rise of Jainism alongside Buddhism in Videha. Mahavira reorganized the Jain church, popularized Ahimsa, and systematized ethics. Royal patronage grew, and Jainism expanded across India. The Anga books, compiling Mahavira's teachings, became central. Key events include Jain monks on the Indus during Alexander's invasion and Bhadrabahu's migration to Canara under Chandra Gupta Maurya, likely a Jain. Kalinga was a major Jain center by the 2nd century BCE under Kharavela. The **Ancient Medieval Period** (4th–12th century CE) saw the major Digambara-Svetambara schism, likely starting in the 4th century CE

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