Folklore in Orissa: Historical Perspectives and Cultural Significance
By R. C. Misra
Summary
The provided text discusses the study and significance of folklore in India, particularly focusing on Orissa. It traces the term "folklore" to its 19th-century origins, noting its evolution from "popular antiquities" and its association with oral traditions of rural, less literate communities. The text highlights the organized folklore movement in India, starting in the mid-20th century with journals and academic institutions, and categorizes folklore into types, including oral traditions, material culture, and practices like myths, rituals, and folk arts. It emphasizes folklore's role in preserving cultural identity, social cohesion, and traditional knowledge, especially in regions like Orissa, which features diverse tribal and non-tribal communities. The study also addresses challenges in defining and categorizing folklore, stressing its dynamic nature and relevance to understanding India's cultural heritage and societal changes.
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Conclusion
The study of folklore in Orissa reveals its dual tribal and non-tribal dimensions, shaped by the state's diverse physical and ecological features, including alluvial plains, arid hills, and dense forests. This diversity influences the variations in folklore materials across different communities and regions, highlighting the need for detailed, systematic study to preserve and understand these traditions. The recognition of folklore as a dynamic, living tradition rather than merely historical underscores its role in reflecting contemporary social values and cultural practices. The integration of folklore studies into academic frameworks, such as postgraduate programs and research initiatives, emphasizes its importance in preserving India's intangible heritage. The regional specificity of Orissan folklore, influenced by geographical and ecological factors, further highlights the necessity of localized research to capture its unique characteristics and contribute to broader national cultural narratives.