The Karoura of Ptolemy
Summary
The Karoura of Ptolemy discusses the historical and geographical context of Karoura, identified as the royal seat of Kerobgteras (Keralaputra) mentioned by Ptolemy. It critiques earlier scholarship, particularly Sewell's reliance on limited sources over epigraphical evidence and contemporary literary works. The text identifies Limyrike as Tamilakam (modern South India), with key cities like Muziris (Cranganore) and Tyndis (Kadalundi). It explores the etymology of Kerala, linking it to Chera through linguistic analysis, suggesting "Kera" as a Dravidian contraction of "Keralam." While Bishop Caldwell identifies Karoura with Karur (Coimbatore district), the text argues for Tiruvanji-kkulam as the Chera capital based on Tamil literature like *Chilappathikaram* and *Manimekalai*, which place it near Muziris. The discussion emphasizes the Chera dynasty's maritime trade dominance and critiques Karur's inland location as inconsistent with their coastal economic focus. The analysis prioritizes epigraphical records and Tamil literary sources to reconstruct ancient South Indian geography and political structures.
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Conclusion
This study clarifies the historical ambiguity surrounding the Karoura of Ptolemy, demonstrating its significance as the royal seat of Kerobothras in ancient South India. By re-examining classical sources like Pliny and the Periplus of the Erythrean Sea alongside epigraphical evidence, the analysis challenges earlier scholarship that overrelied on limited or biased historical accounts. The identification of Karoura with Keralaputra highlights the linguistic and territorial complexities of the region, emphasizing the need to prioritize indigenous inscriptions and literary works over external narratives. The findings contribute to a more accurate understanding of early trade dynamics, political structures, and the etymological evolution of regional identities, particularly the relationship between Kerala and Chera. This research underscores the importance of interdisciplinary approaches in resolving longstanding historical puzzles and correcting misinterpretations in South Indian history.