A Note on the Identification of a Tirthankara Image at Bharat Kala Bhavan, Varanasi

M.N. Prasad Tiwari examines a sculptural relief from the Bharat Kala Bhavan museum in Varanasi and proposes an identification of the central Tirthankara. The panel depicts a seated Jina on a lotus throne in meditation, framed by lions and guardian deities. Above him are Yaksha and Yakshi attendants; below are a crouching lion and human figures. The author observes that the Jina’s chest bears a faint emblem and notes an architrave carved with the dharma‑chakra flanked by lions; two flying figures hold garlands on either side. Under the pedestal are small reliefs, including a caitya‑tree with a devotee and another figure with a lion motif. On the left side stands a female deity with a lotus, presumably the Yakshi Ambika; on the right is an unidentified male Yaksha. The article discusses whether the Jina represents Parshvanatha, Neminatha or Rishabhanatha and, based on the absence of a serpent canopy and the presence of Ambika, concludes that the image likely depicts Neminatha. It encourages further study of similar sculptures to refine understanding of Jain iconography.

Summary reviewed by a volunteer editor.