Progress of Historical Research in the Madras Presidency
Summary
The Assistant Archaeological Superintendent's 1921-22 report details historical discoveries in the Madras Presidency, including Jaina monuments in Ganjam District, such as a standing image at Sailada and a seated ZTirfAanikara near Mandasa's tank. These finds, alongside Buddhist stupa remnants and Kaidumba records from the 7th-8th centuries, suggest the region's historical significance. A 10th-century Telugu-script inscription from Podigada Hill, linked to the Nala dynasty, highlights their opposition to early Western Chalukyas and records a safra foundation by a Nala king's son. Chola records under Rajaraja the Great (786-1013 CE) reveal temple audit practices and village governance, including qualifications for Ur-vdriyam committee membership. A 1070 CE inscription notes women dedicated to temple service by branding, reflecting societal norms. Periya-koil-Nambi's Vaisnava connections and Kopperunjingadeva's dual role as Chola subordinate and later sovereign are discussed, with caution over potential chronological discrepancies. Vijayanagara-era records detail revenue systems and artisan privileges. The report also examines Sriperumbudin's epigraphic importance and South Indian temple socio-economic roles. A note on Tiruvattur temple sculptures illustrates medieval Saivite religious intensity, including Jain persecution.
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Conclusion
This document highlights significant archaeological and epigraphic discoveries in the Madras Presidency, shedding light on previously understudied dynasties and administrative practices. The findings challenge assumptions about the historical backwardness of regions like the Circars Agency, revealing active governance and cultural vibrancy through inscriptions and architectural remains. Key outcomes include the identification of a distinct Nala dynasty resisting Chalukya expansion, insights into Chola-era temple administration and land management, and evidence of early Vaisnava scholarly influence. These discoveries collectively enrich the understanding of regional power dynamics, religious practices, and socio-political structures, underscoring the Presidency's role as a nexus of historical and cultural exchange. The document serves as a critical resource for reinterpreting South India's medieval history.