Progress in South Indian Epigraphy
Summary
The 1937 Annual Report on South Indian Epigraphy highlights significant epigraphical discoveries and scholarly activities. Key findings include the excavation of Nagarjunikonda in Guntur District, revealing early Satavahana inscriptions from the 3rd century BCE and Buddhist remains, including caityas, vikaras, and stupas. The site’s association with Nagarjuna and Buddhist missionaries is discussed, supported by inscription no. 214. Additionally, a cave in the Nagamalai Hills (Madurai District) contained rock-cut beds with 2nd-3rd century BCE Brahmi labels. The report explores the historical context of Tamil terms like *Manigrimam* and *Anfuvannam*, suggesting possible merchant guild origins rather than exclusive Christian associations. Cola inscriptions from Tirupputambiyam and temple records, such as the *pallippadai* at Pattisvaram, are analyzed, alongside discussions on memorial temples and Siva worship. The study underscores the interplay of royal patronage, religious practices, and epigraphic evidence in understanding South Indian history.
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Conclusion
This year's epigraphic progress in South India has significantly advanced our understanding of early dynastic history and religious practices through pivotal discoveries. The unearthing of Brihmi inscriptions at Nagarjunikonda revealed three generations of 3rd-century BCE rulers, alongside extensive Buddhist remains, challenging prior assumptions about Nagarjuna's association with Sriparvata. The site's inscriptions provide unprecedented insights into royal lineage, including details about King Purisadata's family and Sriparvata's role as a sacred pilgrimage hub. Concurrently, the discovery of a Madura cave with rock-cut beds bearing Brihmi labels shed light on monastic life, while Cola-era inscriptions from Tirupputambiyam highlighted the intersection of royal patronage, temple architecture, and memorial practices. These findings collectively underscore the dynamic interplay between epigraphy, historical reconstruction, and the preservation of South India's multifaceted cultural heritage.