तत्त्वार्थवार्तिक में प्रतिपादित मानवीय मूल्य
By डॉ. सुरेन््रकुमार जैन ' भारती '
Summary
Based on the provided text, the article "मानवीय मूल्य in तत्त्वार्थवार्तिक" by Dr. Surendra Kumar Jain 'Bharti' explores human values as propounded in Bhatta Akalankadeva's commentary on the Tattvarthasutra. The text begins by citing Vinoba Bhave's idea that applying new meanings to old words is the best method of intellectual revolution, positioning Akalankadeva's work as an example of this. It defines human values as objectives within a creation that connect it to social ideals or personal excellence, noting that literary sensibility is always linked to moral consciousness. The article contrasts Western and Indian perspectives, stating that while Oscar Wilde might see moral adherence as an unforgivable pretension, Indian spiritual writers cannot easily abandon it. Akalankadeva's view that all efforts are for happiness is presented, but the question of whose happiness is raised, leading to the answer of self-freedom. The text emphasizes that liberation (moksha) is the primary goal among the four purusharthas, achievable only through the human state, which is considered supreme in various philosophies. The article then lists specific human values from the Tattvarthavartika: prohibition of wine, meat, and honey to prevent harm to living beings and protect discernment; mutual assistance (parasparopagraha) as a form of reciprocal benefit; friendliness (maitri) as the desire to prevent others' suffering; delight (pramoda) in the virtues of the meritorious; compassion (anukampa) as empathy for all beings; kindness (karuna) towards the distressed; equanimity (madhyastha) towards the misguided; affection (vatsalya) for the religious; service (vaiyavritya) to the virtuous; non-violence (ahimsa) as the foremost vow; forgiveness (kshama) despite provocation; humility (mardava) as a natural softness free from pride;
AI-assisted summary, not yet checked. Consult the original PDF before citing.
Conclusion
The analysis of the *Tattvarthavarttika* reveals that its core human values—such as non-violence, forgiveness, humility, and mutual assistance—are not merely abstract ideals but practical directives for achieving both social harmony and spiritual liberation. By grounding these values in the framework of Jain philosophy, the text demonstrates that ethical conduct is essential for human progress, culminating in the ultimate goal of *moksha*. The document’s emphasis on values like compassion, equanimity, and truthfulness serves to elevate human dignity and foster a society based on mutual respect and non-harm. Ultimately, the *Tattvarthavarttika* presents a comprehensive ethical system where the cultivation of these human values is shown to be the very path to self-realization and the highest good, affirming that spiritual and moral development are inseparable.