The Dasavaikalika-Niryukti
Summary
The article deals with the 'Dasavaikalika‑Niryukti,' an early Jain commentary on the Dasavaikalika‑Sutra, part of the canonical texts of the Svetambara Jains. The Niryuktis are mnemonic verse commentaries attributed to Bhadrabahu or later authors; this one elaborates the rules of conduct for monks. The author describes the structure of the Niryukti, noting that it is arranged in verses and deals with ritual and ethical topics, clarifying obscure passages in the Sutra through examples and explanations. It is compared to the more famous Avasyaka‑Niryukti, yet considered older and more authentic. The article discusses linguistic features, such as the use of archaic Prakrit, metre, and mnemonic devices. It examines the methodology of the Niryuktikaras, who summarise the Sutra with key words and explanatory verses. The author emphasises the importance of the Dasavaikalika‑Niryukti for understanding early Jain monasticism and the development of exegetical literature. By analysing passages, he highlights themes such as discipline in eating, sleeping, and behaviour, as well as meditation practices. The article also reviews previous scholarship on Jain Niryuktis and debates their authorship and dating. The author suggests that the Dasavaikalika‑Niryukti predates the canonical commentaries and is a bridge between oral tradition and later Bhasyas.
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Conclusion
The study presents the Dasavaikalika‑Niryukti as a key early Jain commentary that codifies monastic discipline and interprets the Dasavaikalika‑Sutra through mnemonic verses. Its archaic Prakrit, structured metre, and systematic exegesis illustrate how Jain scholars preserved and transmitted doctrine before the proliferation of later commentaries. By comparing it with the Avasyaka‑Niryukti and analysing its themes, the article underscores the Niryukti's value for reconstructing the evolution of Jain monastic literature.