Jambhiyagrama: the place of Kevala-Knowledge of Lord Mahavira
By Hari Prasad Tiwari, Nrisingha Prasad Tiwari
Summary
This article investigates Jambhiyagrama (also called Jrimbhikagrama or Jamui) as the site where Lord Mahāvīra attained omniscience (kevala‑jñāna). Drawing on the Kalpa Sūtra, Āvaśyaka‑niryukti and commentaries, the authors trace the tradition that after twelve years of austere wandering Mahāvīra sat beneath a śāla tree on the bank of the river Rijupālikā near Jambhiyagrama; there he attained omniscience at the age of forty‑two. The article reviews variant names – Jambhiyagrama, Jrimbhikagrama and Jambhiyapuri – and locates the site in the Aṅga region, possibly at present‑day Jamui in Bihar. Archaeological remains such as a lion‑headed pillar and local legends support this identification. The authors survey the earliest references in the Bhagavatī Sūtra and examine how later Digambara and Śvetāmbara traditions commemorated the place. They also note that Jina’s omniscience marks the beginning of his preaching career; after attaining kevala‑jñāna Mahāvīra taught for thirty years. The article describes the ritual architecture of the reported site, including footprints of the Jina, a shrine dedicated to Siddhārtha, and annual fairs. It also discusses the river’s geography and the etymology of Rijupālikā (‘straight protector’). By combining textual analysis with fieldwork, the authors argue convincingly that Jambhiyagrama is the historical locus of Mahāvīra’s enlightenment.
Summary reviewed by a volunteer editor.
Conclusion
Through philological study and on‑site investigation, the article corroborates the Jain belief that Mahāvīra attained omniscience at Jambhiyagrama on the banks of the Rijupālikā. The convergence of scriptural testimony and local tradition suggests that modern Jamui preserves the memory of this sacred event. Recognising this site enriches our understanding of Jain sacred geography and highlights the significance of place in the construction of religious history.