Jainism in Bengal
Summary
Bengal’s article begins by noting that while only a few Jain families now live in Bengal, ancient literature suggests the region was visited by Mahavira and Bhadrabahu. The Āyāraṅga Sutta records Mahavira’s travels through the Ladha (Radha) country, and the 9th‑century Kathakośa states that Bhadrabahu was born at Devakot (Bangarh) in northern Bengal. A sect known as the Godāsagaṇa, named after Bhadrabahu’s disciple Godāsa, later split into four sub‑sects linked to ancient place‑names in Bengal. Dr Bhandarkar observed that while Buddha and his followers focussed on Bihar and Kosala, Mahavira targeted Bengal, suggesting that Jainism helped Aryanise the region. Archaeological evidence corroborates these traditions: a copper‑plate inscription from Pāhāpur dated 478–79 A.D. records the installation of a Jina image. Early sculptures of Ṛṣabhadeva from Surohar and Mandoil in Rajshahi district display Mathura‑style features. Surveys in Purulia, Bankura and Midnapur districts have unearthed many Tirthankara images, caturmukha shrines and sasaṇadevīs; however, locals often worship these as Hindu deities. The article laments that many Jain temples in these districts are in ruins and emphasises the need for exploration and preservation.
Summary reviewed by a volunteer editor.
Conclusion
Although Jainism is now marginal in Bengal, literary traditions and archaeological finds show that the region once hosted Jaina saints, sects and temples. Preserving these scattered images and ruins is crucial for understanding Bengal’s early cultural history.