Ramayana Characters In The Thai Mould
Summary
Satya Vrat Varma’s article, "Ramayana Characters In The Thai Mould," examines the profound transformation of the Ramayana epic as it is adapted into the Thai classic, the Ramakien. Varma argues that the Thais have assimilated the epic into their social fabric, changing the very genius of the story almost beyond recognition. He supports this by analyzing the characters as depicted in the Sanskrit counterpart to the Ramakien, Dr. Satya Vrat Shastri’s *Sriramakirtimahakavyam* (RKM.), which captures the main episodes of the Thai classic in twenty-five cantos. Varma’s analysis reveals that the Thai milieu has recast the heroes, reducing them to lesser figures shorn of the idealism that inspires millions in India. In the Thai version, Hanuman emerges as the most colourful and phenomenal figure, overshadowing everyone else, including Rama. Rama is portrayed with alien components, suffering from infirmities and acting as a small-minded, scheming, and unpredictable person with inconsistent conduct. His divinity is indistinguishable from that of a common man, and his behavior towards Sita is described as reprehensible, making him appear suspicious and cruel. Sita, born as Ravana’s daughter, is depicted as a gullible and nervous woman, projecting her as a champion of women's liberation. She behaves aggressively towards Rama, berating him as a cruel and suspicious person. Hanuman, however, is presented as a multi-faceted character—a phenomenally powerful warrior, a lover, a fond father, and an astute tactician. Ravana is shown as a mere shadow of his real self, struggling to avoid direct confrontation with Rama due to latent diffidence. Finally, Vibhisana is the sole character who rises in stature, representing a unique fusion of friend, guide, and philosopher, and playing a pivotal role in the epic's events.
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Conclusion
The Thai adaptation of the Ramayana, as analyzed through Dr. Satya Vrat Shastri’s *Sriramakirtimahakavyam*, demonstrates a profound cultural transformation of the epic. While the original Indian text serves as a foundational moral and spiritual guide, the Thai version, *Ramakien*, recontextualizes its characters to fit local traditions and folklore. This study reveals that Rama and Sita lose their divine idealism, depicted instead as flawed, suspicious, and scheming individuals. Conversely, Hanuman emerges as the most vibrant and resourceful hero, while Ravana is diminished into a figure of latent diffidence. Notably, Vibhisana rises in stature, acting as a crucial strategist and guide. These alterations highlight the epic’s universal appeal but also underscore how regional milieus can fundamentally alter a narrative’s core ethical dimensions.