Some Aspects of Saivism
Summary
This essay surveys distinctive facets of Śaivism, the tradition devoted to the worship of the god Śiva. Beginning with descriptions of the deity’s iconography—his bull mount, crescent moon, matted hair and serpents—the author recounts mythological narratives illustrating Shiva’s power and compassion, such as the tale of Rāvaṇa lifting Mount Kailāsa. The discussion then traces how Rudra-Śiva evolved from a Vedic storm god to a supreme deity in the Hindu pantheon, noting the influence of texts like the Mahābhārata and Harivaṃśa that enumerate multiple forms of Rudra. The article introduces the Śaiva-Siddhānta school, which posits three eternal realities: Pati (Śiva), Paśu (individual souls) and Pāśa (the bonds that fetter souls). It examines how devotional literature and Purāṇic mythology popularised sectarian worship and ritual practice. Through this overview the author highlights the doctrinal diversity within Śaivism and its impact on art, temple architecture and regional traditions.
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Conclusion
By outlining mythological, philosophical and sectarian elements of Śaivism, the article underscores the tradition’s richness and complexity. It suggests that understanding Śaivism requires appreciation of both pan‑Indian scriptures and regional practices, revealing how conceptions of the deity have evolved over time.