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Jainism

120 articles in the archive discuss Jainism, from Jinamanjari, Sambodhi, Jain Journal A Quarterly on Jainology and other journals (1914–2023). Open any article for its summary, citation and original PDF.

120 articles

Articles discussing Jainism

  1. Laukika or Folk Religion as an Iconographic Link Between the Indus Culture and Jainism

    Robert Decaroli · Jinamanjari, 1996

    “Jainism, like Buddhism and Hinduism, eventually began to absorb and adapt aspects of this popular religious tradition in an effort to remain pertinent and accessible to the laity.”
  2. Gandhi on Jain Practices

    Prem Anand Mishra · Sambodhi, 2019

    “Jainism was strong in Gujarat, and its influence was felt everywhere and on all occasions. The opposition to and abhorrence of meat eating that existed in Gujarat among the Jains and Vaishnavas were to be seen nowhere else in India or outside in such strength. These were the traditions in which I was born and bred”
  3. Impact of Jainism on Environmental Sustainability

    Chandranath Chaterjee · Jain Journal A Quarterly on Jainology, 2014

    “The concept of soul in Jainism holds profound implications for human agency and environmental ethics.”
  4. Anuvrata as Social Ethics

    Sanjukta Bhattacharya · Jain Journal A Quarterly on Jainology, 2009

    “Thus, even in ancient times Jainism prescribed or preached among the layman the ideal of non-consumerism that 15 very much visible in today’s contemporary world.”
  5. Jaina Ethics and Economic Prosperity (S. L. Mandawat)

    S. L. Mandawat · Jain Journal A Quarterly on Jainology, 1968

  6. An Anthropological Study of the Religion of the Jains

    Noel Rettig · Jain Journal A Quarterly on Jainology, 1972

    “Jainism may very well be, contrary to the opinions of many anthropologists and students of comparative religion, the oldest living faith.”
  7. Approaches to the Question of the Antiquity of Jainism

    Thomas Mcevilley · Jinamanjari, 1996

    “It may have been the teaching figure Mahavira who brought Jainism into the Aryan fold, but the Jain books say that his parents were devotees of the previous Jain leader, Parsva.”
  8. The A. B. C. Of Jainism

    Syadvada · The Jaina Gazette, 1927

    “It is the distinctive feature of Jainism to insist upon and to provide for perfect knowledge.”
  9. Human Solidarity and Jainism

    Sagarmal Jain · Jain Journal A Quarterly on Jainology, 2006

    “Jainism does not discriminate between man and man on the basis of their caste, creed and colour.”
  10. Book Review

    Kastur Chand Lalwani · Jain Journal A Quarterly on Jainology, 1973

    “There are two main reasons why the Uttaradhya-yana Sitra has been a source of attraction to scholars. First, it has a very comprehensive text running over 36 chapters which give the prin-cipal tenets of Jainism in a lucid verse form which has made it more readable than the dry text of many other Jaina Sutras. Second, it is the Sutra which, it is stated, Sramana Bhagavan Mahavira uttered during his last moments on this earth.”
  11. Reappraisal of Degrees of Reality in Jainism, Buddhism and Vedānta

    Yajneshwar S. Shastri · Sambodhi, 1982

  12. Guru: An Outsider’s First Impressions of Jainism

    Witold L. Langrod · Jain Journal A Quarterly on Jainology, 1981

    “Jainism is one of the oldest religions of the world. Its traditions go back to the 9th century B.C., but its followers contend it is much more ancient.”
  13. The Convergence of the Modern Science Towards Jainism

    S. S. Pokharna · Sambodhi, 1977

    “We illustrate hsre a fundamental similarity between Jainism and the modem science.”
  14. Book Review

    Christopher Key Chapple, Kenji Watanabe, Bhuvanendra Kumar · Jinamanjari, 2004

    “The author Christopher Key Chapple, a Professor at Loyola a Marymount University in LosAngeles, is no stranger mthe students of South Asian Studies in general and Jainism in particular.”
  15. Jainism (Review)

    Jain Journal A Quarterly on Jainology, 1972

    “The study is "essentially intended to acquaint the Soviet readers with the complex ethnocultural background of India", and it is in that spirit alone that one should wend through the pages of Madam Guseva’s work,—not so much as to get a comprehensive view of Jainism, which is not possible in such a narrow compass, but to be just introduced to it.”
  16. The Ladder of Spiritual Ascent According to Jainism

    Swami Brahmeshananda · Jain Journal A Quarterly on Jainology, 2002

    “Jainism lays great stress on moral life and conquest of passions. The progress in this religion, therefore, is determined on the basis of the degree of moral perfection achieved.”
  17. Review of History of Jainism in Bihar

    Satya Ranjan Banerjee · Jain Journal A Quarterly on Jainology, 1997

    “Historically Bihar is the place for the origin of Jainism. It was in the 6th e. B.C. in Magadha (In Modern Bihar) that Mahavira preached his doctrines which In later times came to be known as Jina dharma, that is, Jainism”
  18. Jaina Influence in the Formation of Dvaita Vedanta

    Robert J. Zydenbos · Jain Journal A Quarterly on Jainology, 1991

    “From what I have told until now I believe it is evident that Madhva’s philosophy was influenced by Jainism in its epistemology, ontology, logic and theory of the soul from the beginning.”
  19. Contribution of the Jains to Indian Culture with Special Reference to Non-violence

    Padmaja Patil · Jain Journal A Quarterly on Jainology, 1996

    “Ahimsa, Anekantavada and institution of vows, the principles advocated by Jainism and properly understood and used by the great leaders like Gandhi and Nehru, would lead us to a peaceful life, full of love and compassion.”
  20. Jainism and Vegetarianism

    Irene Cook · The Jaina Gazette, 1930

    “Jainism and vegetarianism do not stand for the expasition of a series of lifeless negations and soul-deadening taboos.”
  21. The Presidential Address

    B. L. Atreya · The Jaina Gazette, 1927

    “If religion is only a spiritual quality, ard philosophy a view of Life and the Universe, I have no hesitation in calling myself a Jaina in so far as | share the doctrines of Jainism.”
  22. Prepuranic Hindu Society before 200 A.D.

    Rajendra Chandra Hazra · The Indian Historical Quarterly, 1939

  23. The Universal Message of Jainism

    Kalidas Nag · Jain Journal A Quarterly on Jainology, 2001

    “Whatever may be the doctrinal differences between Jainism and other denominations of Hinduism, we are all grateful to the Jaina masters for their services to the cause of Indian culture and spirituality as well as towards the alleviation of human suffering through centuries.”
  24. Some Perspectives of Ahimsa: Jainism vis‑à‑vis the Tibetan Buddhist Experience

    Arpita Chatterjee · Jain Journal A Quarterly on Jainology, 2002

    “Buddhism and Jainism, the two ancient religions of India, are the greatest propounders of ahimsa in the world.”
  25. Meaning and Typology of Violence

    Surendra Verma · Jain Journal A Quarterly on Jainology, 1995

    “Jainism, therefore, makes a distinction between dravya himsaand bhava himsa— the substantive violence and the dispositional violence.”
  26. The World's Problems and Jaina View-Point

    Sagarmal Jain · Jain Journal A Quarterly on Jainology, 2009

  27. The Conception of Dravyas in Jaina Philosophy

    Kamal Chand Sogani · Jain Journal A Quarterly on Jainology, 1998

    “Jainism takes experience as its guide and resolves the whole of the universe of being into two everlasting, uncreated, co-existing, but independent categories of Jiva and Ajiva.”
  28. Ahimsa

    Nathmal Tatia · Jain Journal A Quarterly on Jainology, 1967

    “Ahimsa, samyama, and tapas are the three essential constituents of dharma, according to Jainism.”
  29. Refutation of Advaita Vedanta in Major Jain Works

    Yajneshwar S. Shastri · Sambodhi, 1984

    “According to Jainism Advaita Vedat one-sided theory which rejects particularities and emphasises only one of Reality.”
  30. Dialectical Sociology of Religion in the Context of Jainism

    Arvind Sharma · Jain Journal A Quarterly on Jainology, 1989

  31. Decline and Fall of Jainism in Western Bengal

    Amiya Kumar Banerji · Jain Journal A Quarterly on Jainology, 1984

    “Inspite of this early hold on the primitive peoples of Bengal whom it firmly placed on the Aryan road to progress and civilization, Jainism, through a curious stroke of destiny, disappeared completely from its erst-while seat of influence and power and has not been heard to as a religious force in this part of the country since about the 12th century A.D.”
  32. Jaina View of Soul: An Introduction

    Dilip Kumar Mohanta · Jain Journal A Quarterly on Jainology, 1987

  33. Ourselves

    Hermann Jacobi · Jain Journal A Quarterly on Jainology, 1970

    “German scholarship pioneered the scientific study of Jainism and it was Hermann Jacobi who in his Kalpa Sitra of Bhadrabahu (Leipzig, 1879) demonstrated for the first time to the Western world the independence of Jainism from Buddhism.”
  34. The Doctrines of Jainism

    K. B. Jindal · Jain Journal A Quarterly on Jainology, 1972

    “The principal aim of Jainism is the attainment of the freedom of the soul by its perfect evolution.”
  35. Karma and Freewill: A Comparative Study of Hinduism, Buddhism and Jainism

    Arvind Sharma · Sambodhi, 1994

  36. A Rational Analysis of Karma Doctrine

    Subhash Chandra Jain · Jain Journal A Quarterly on Jainology, 2009

  37. From Jīnāgama to Jinabimba: The Evolution of Tīrtha in Jainism

    Mana Shah · Journal of Indian History and Culture, 2021

  38. Jainism [Gleanings]

    Malini Mehta · Jain Journal A Quarterly on Jainology, 1976

    “Jainism is the religion of Jina. Jina is the One who has won over himself. There are 24 Jinas of whom Lord Mahavira is the last.”
  39. Jainism at Stake

    Anant Pershad Jain · The Jaina Gazette, 1930

    “To speak of Jainism as not worthy of our attention is blasphemous, and to call it time-worn religion is to commit a grievous blunder.”
  40. Distinction Between Living and Non‑Living

    Jagmander Lal Jaini · Jain Journal A Quarterly on Jainology, 1990

  41. Review

    Satya Ranjan Banerjee · Jain Journal A Quarterly on Jainology, 1995

    “To study Jainism in relation to the value of life, is a new contribution by Prem Suman Jain to the field of Jainistic sludies”
  42. The Philosophy of the Jainas

    Elizabeth Sharpe · Jain Journal A Quarterly on Jainology, 1972

    “Jainism denies the Advaitism—one-ness, the spirit alone being real of the Upanisads.”
  43. Jain Laws Explained

    Mathews Mckay · Jinamanjari, 2004

  44. A Search for the Possibility of Non‑Violence and Peace — A Jaina View‑Point

    Sagarmal Jain · Jain Journal A Quarterly on Jainology, 1991

  45. Life Science and Jainism

    Rajjan Kumar · Jain Journal A Quarterly on Jainology, 2004

    “According to Jainism, animation (life) is caused by the unity of anon-physical (non-material) entity called soul or ‘spirit> with a material body. That is, there is a subtle spiritual self associated with the gross physical body during the life, death is the separation of the two.”
  46. The Jaina Concept of Kevalajnana in the Light of Modern Researches in Thanatology

    Arvind Sharma · Jain Journal A Quarterly on Jainology, 1982

    “The evidence provided by subjects who have had near-death experi- ences of prolonged duration lends plausibility to the otherwise seomingty airy-fairy concept of kevalajiana in Jainism.”
  47. Miracle-Places (Atishaya Kshetras).

    The Jaina Gazette, 1927

    “According to Jainism, by installation (Sthapana), a non-living material becomes the very person installed. Thus the non-living becomes living, at least a kind of living substance ; something like the conversion of Real into Personal Property and vice versa in English Law.”
  48. Jaina Ethics (Review)

    Jain Journal A Quarterly on Jainology, 1969

    “It is indeed heartening that Jainism, although a very systematic original line of thought with copious literature of its own, which has long been confused and misrepresented either as a heretical belief or as a subsidiary either of Buddhism or Brahmanism, has already secured recognition about its originality, independence and uniqueness”
  49. Fast Fashion's Environmental Impact: A Jain Perspective

    Dimple Mande · Jain Avenue, 2022

  50. Book Review: Some Problems in Jain Psychology

    Anupam Jash · Jain Journal A Quarterly on Jainology, 2013

    “Jainism, one of the world’s oldest religions, and psychology, one of the newest humanistic, are both dedicated to the rigorous pur-suit of human understanding.”
  51. Jainism Environment

    Dhruti Ghiya Rathi · Jain Avenue, 2023

    “The core value ofJainism is to be of service to one another expressed through the phrase Parasapagraho Jivanam.”
  52. Jain Logic: A Discussion by Correspondence

    Alexander Gordon · The Jaina Gazette, 1914

  53. Right Faith

    Adinath Neminath Upadhye · The Jaina Gazette, 1929

  54. Man And The Way

    C. A. F. Rhys Davids · The Jaina Gazette, 1926

  55. Progress of Jain Journal

    Satya Ranjan Banerjee · Jain Journal A Quarterly on Jainology, 1991

    “It will not be a case of exaggeration, if | say, that this Jain Journal is a quality Journal which has been publishing lots of research papers not only on Jainism but also on the other related subjects as well.”
  56. Some Special Aspects of jaina Philosophy as a School of Indian Philosophy

    Arvind Sharma · Sambodhi, 1980

  57. Some Special Aspects of Jain Philosophy as a School of Indian Philosophy

    Arvind Sharma · Jain Journal A Quarterly on Jainology, 2000

  58. Ahimsa as Reflected in the Mularadhana

    B. K. Khadabadi · Jain Journal A Quarterly on Jainology, 1982

    “In India in 600 B.C., Jainism and Buddhism stood up in protest to the Vedic religion mainly on the principle of ahimsa.”
  59. Book Review: A Comprehensive History of Jainism (up to 1000 A.D.)

    Jyoti Prasad Jain · Jain Journal A Quarterly on Jainology, 1978

  60. Yoga in Jainism and Patanjali System: A Comparative Study

    Kamal Kumar Jain · Jain Avenue, 2023

  61. Buddhist and Jaina Concepts of Man and Society as Revealed in Their Religious Literature

    Padmanabh S. Jaini · Sambodhi, 1980

    “Buddhism and Jainism are the two heterodox religions of ancient India which have survived to the present day.”
  62. Rajachandra and His Influence on Mahatma Gandhi

    Jagmohan Humar · Jinamanjari, 2001

    “What is perhaps not as well known is that Jainism, its principles and its philosophy, made an equally profound impression on him.”
  63. The Role of Religion in Human Unity and World Peace

    Sagarmal Jain · Jain Journal A Quarterly on Jainology, 2007

  64. The Jaina as a Jina

    Rishabhchand · Jain Journal A Quarterly on Jainology, 1967

  65. Message of Jainism

    Count Arnold Keyserling · Jinamanjari, 2004

    “Jainism as a religion has never been amalgamated to the other religions, to Hinduism, Buddhism or Christianity.”
  66. Jaina Philosopher Kundakunda and Vedantin Sankaracarya

    Jagdish P. Jain · Jinamanjari, 2002

  67. The Jaina Doctrine of Karman

    Nathmal Tatia · Jain Journal A Quarterly on Jainology, 1967

  68. Mahasabha Agama Granthamala & Lesya-kosa (Review)

    Srichand · Jain Journal A Quarterly on Jainology, 1969

  69. Some reflections about anekantavada

    Maria Luisa Tornotti · Jain Journal A Quarterly on Jainology, 2001

    “The doctrine of anekantavada is an important and original contribution of Jainism not only to India, but also to human culture in general.”
  70. Reviews

    Sambodhi, 1981

    “The introduction to Lectute I (pp. 1~15) points out the specific chara-cteristics of the éramagu tradition (inclusive of both Jainism and Buddhism) as against the Brabminical one.”
  71. Doctrine of Karma: A Scientific View

    D. S. Baya · Sambodhi, 2003

  72. The Manicapuri Cave

    Thillaisthanam Natarajan Ramachandran · The Indian Historical Quarterly, 1951

    “The Maficapuri Cave: This cave of the second-first century B.C., 10 Khandagiri-Udayagiti, ncar Bhuvaneshwar, Orissa 15 very important for our study of the history of Kalinga in general and of Jainism in particular in the 2nd and 1st centuries B.C.”
  73. Notices on Buddhist Architecture in Western Indian Vāstusāstras

    M. A. Dhaky · Sambodhi, 2020

    “The first three centuries after the tenth was the period of Jainism's highest expansion as well as the high water-mark of its glory and influence in Réjasthan and Gujarat.”
  74. Jainism In Questions And Answers

    The Jaina Gazette, 1927

  75. Consciousness in Jainism: Perceptual Cognition and Mental Processes

    Narayan Lal Kachhara · Jain Avenue, 2023

    “The concept of awareness as defined above is related to indirect cognition, particularly perceptual cognition, of Jainism.”
  76. Our Ahimsa And Non-Violence In Non-Co-Operation

    Padam Singh Jaini · The Jaina Gazette, 1929

    “Jainism, an ancient religion of India, now quite famous for its independent metaphysical insight and Logical flight, has also”
  77. Nambi Andar Nambi

    Soma Sundara Desikar · The Indian Historical Quarterly, 1928

    “Their strenuous fight contributed much to the downfall of Jainism and Buddhisma—the religions of the day.”
  78. Religion and Philosophy in Kerala

    K. Rama Pisharoti · The Indian Historical Quarterly, 1928

  79. Economics and Social Equity in Tirthankar Mahaveer's Teachings

    Bipin Doshi · Jain Avenue, 2020

  80. Jain Ahimsa & Its Metaphysical Basis

    Rikhab Dass Jain · The Jaina Gazette, 1927

  81. Holy Image, Holy Truth

    Leona Smith Kremser · Jain Journal A Quarterly on Jainology, 1983

    “A single sentence noted Jainism wherein the way of life was noninjury to all living creatures. To all living creatures ? 1 was dumbstruck ! What was this faraway religion ?”
  82. How Karma Theory Relates to Modern Science

    Duli Chandra Jain · Jain Journal A Quarterly on Jainology, 1982

    “The karma theory of the Jaina religion is a unique, rational, scientific and complex theory. In its true conceptual form, it is unique to Jainism.”
  83. Book Review: Aspect of Jainology and Buddhist Studies

    Pradyumna Shah · Jain Journal A Quarterly on Jainology, 2004

  84. Is the Jaina Way of Living Inherently Eco-friendly?

    Sejal Zaveri · Jain Avenue, 2022

    “While on the surface it may feel like the latter is the case, a closer examination reveals that the basic manner in which life and the world are defined and viewed in Jainism coupled with Jaina principle of Non-violence indicate that eco friendliness is inherently embedded in Jaina practices.”
  85. Amulya Tattva Vicara: An Early Poem by Srimad Rajachandra

    Vinod Kapashi · Jinamanjari, 2001

  86. Anekantavada – The Theory of Relativity

    Hem Chandra Jain · Jain Journal A Quarterly on Jainology, 1993

    “The theory of relativity formulated by Einstein, the great scientist cum philosopher of the modern age matches very much with the ane- kantavada and syddvada of Jainism.”
  87. Buddhism Vs. Manusmrti

    Ramesh S. Betai, Jayaben R. Betai · Sambodhi, 1984

  88. Immunity Through Spirituality: Bridging Ancient Practices with Modern Science

    Bipin Doshi, Vishal Mehta · Jain Avenue, 2021

  89. Jainism's Ethical Framework: Six Essentials and Moral Discipline

    Arihant Kumar Jain · Jain Avenue, 2020

  90. Notices of Buddhist Architecture vs Western Indian Vastushastra

    M. A. Dhaky · Sambodhi, 1974

    “The first three centuries after the tenth was the period of Jainism's highest expansion as well as ihe high water-mark of its glory and influence in Rajasthan and Gujarat.”
  91. Jain Principle of Ahimsa and Environmental Crisis

    Sohan Lal Jain Gandhi · Jain Avenue, 2022

  92. The Jaina Theory of Karma and the Self

    Yuvacharya Dr Shiv Muni · Jain Journal A Quarterly on Jainology, 1994

  93. Madhyamika’s theory of error in comparison with Anyakhyati of Suddhadvaita school

    Yajneshwar S. Shastri · Sambodhi, 2002

  94. Ourselves

    Evelyn S. Kleinschmidt · The Jaina Gazette, 1934

  95. Select Contents of Oriental Journals

    The Indian Historical Quarterly, 1957

  96. Jain Perspective on Diwali: Light, Nonviolence, and Pluralism

    Nikhil Bumb · Jain Avenue, 2022

  97. Jaina Theory and Practice of Non-violence

    Dalsukh D. Malvania · Sambodhi, 1973

    “The ideas AMmsn and the unity of all life did not have their origin in Vedic Aryan thought, but entered it from outside. The environment in which those ideas were at home was that of Jainism and Buddhism.”
  98. On the Religion of Canakya

    Jyoti Prasad Jain · Jain Journal A Quarterly on Jainology, 1974

    “It has long been established and admitted by historians generally that the great emperor Candragupta Maurya (circa 325-297 B.C.) who was a contemporary and worthy rival of Alexander the Great of Macedon, was a follower of Jainism. But, the fact that his political guru Canakya alias Kautilya, the great Machiavelli of India, was also a Jaina by religion has not yet been given due recognition by modern historians.”
  99. Doctrine of Syadvada

    Sandeep Kumar Diwakar · Jain Journal A Quarterly on Jainology, 1973

    “‘The philosophy of Syadvada is a valuable contribution of Jainism to the world thought. This doctrine is also termed as”
  100. Comparative Religion

    Champat Rai Jain · The Jaina Gazette, 1925

    “It will be now fully evident that the ideal in view in Christianity is identically the same as that which Jainism has been preaching all along, and that the attainment of it is also declared by these religions to be dependent on the complete separation of Spirit from Matter.”
  101. Jain Sahityaka Brhad Itihas (Review)

    Jain Journal A Quarterly on Jainology, 1969

  102. Mr. J. L. JAINI'S FUND

    Inderlal · The Jaina Gazette, 1929

    “Facts about the origin and tenets of Jainism have been grossly misrepresented.”
  103. The Key of Knowledge (Digest)

    Champat Rai Jain · Jain Journal A Quarterly on Jainology, 1968

  104. Gandhi's Environmental Philosophy and Sustainable Development

    S. Babu · Journal of Indian History and Culture, 2021

  105. The Essence of Samaysar: A Humble Exploration

    Yash K Jain · Jain Avenue, 2022

  106. The Jaina Stupa at Mathura: Art and Icons

    Renuka J. Porwal · Jain Avenue, 2022

  107. Jain Philosophy of Nonviolence and Vegetarianism

    Dilip V. Shah, Jitendra B. Shah · Jain Avenue, 2020

    “Nonviolence, (Ahimsa), the primary basis of vegetarianism, has long been central to several religious traditions of India, especially Jainism.”
  108. Jai Jinendra: The Spiritual Salutation of Self-Realization and Liberation

    Pragati Jain · Jain Avenue, 2023

    “Jai Jinendra stands as the revered salutation in Jainism, carrying profound meaning beyond a mere casual greeting like "Hello," "Hi," "Good morning," or "Namaste."”
  109. The World's Problems and Jaina View-Point

    Sagarmal Jain · Jain Journal A Quarterly on Jainology, 2010

  110. Syādvāda: The Jain Theory of Perception

    S. S. Yadav · Jain Journal A Quarterly on Jainology, 2008

    “Syadvada is the foundational theory of Jainism which teaches us the first and last lesson of everyday behaviour life of the people.”
  111. Whether A Belief In God Is Essential For Good Conduct?

    J. N. Ramanathan · The Jaina Gazette, 1929

  112. A Problem In Jain Biology

    Gopal Rai Jain · The Jaina Gazette, 1929

  113. JainLit Book Review

    Christopher Key Chapple · Jinamanjari, 2009

  114. Cantabile to Aristanemi

    Frank R. Mansell · Jinamanjari, 2004

  115. Six Spiritual Truths of the Soul: Atmasiddhi Shastra Review

    Dilip Shah · Jain Avenue, 2021

  116. A New Contribution to the Discussion of a Problem of Jaina Monastic Discipline

    Krishna Kumar Dixit · Sambodhi, 1976

  117. Jain Literature

    Sagarmal Jain · Jain Journal A Quarterly on Jainology, 2008

  118. Jain Philosophy: Soul as Central Principle in Eastern and Western Thought

    Samani Mangal Pragya · Jain Avenue, 2023

    “The concept of soul is a significant section of philosophy. It is not only the fundamental principle of Jainism but also of Indian philosophy.”
  119. Six Fundamental Truths: Path to Self-Realization

    Shrimad Rajchandra · Jain Avenue, 2023

    “This letter has helped us to remove all our stray ideas and wandering thoughts, it has removed our doubts, confirmed our faith in the fundamentals of Jainism and those of all religions in general, namely the nature and development of soul.”
  120. Did Halley's Comet Appeared on the Night of Mahavira's Nirvana?

    P. C. Chopra · Jain Journal A Quarterly on Jainology, 1985